Stem Complexity and Inflectional Encoding in Language Production

Stem complexity and inflectional encoding in language production.

Three experiments are reported that examined whether stem complexity plays a role in inflecting polymorphemic words in language production. Experiment 1 showed that preparation effects for words with polymorphemic stems are larger when they are produced among words with constant inflectional structures compared to words with variable inflectional structures and simple stems. This replicates ear...

Inflectional frames in language production

Language Production Grammatical Encoding

The processes of language production can be divided into those that create the skeleton of an utterance and those that flesh the skeleton out. In this chapter we are concerned chiefly with the former, a set of processes which we term GRAMMATICAL ENCODING (Levelt, 1989). Grammatical encoding comprises both the selection of appropriate lexical concepts (entries in the speaker's vocabulary) and th...

Stem-based maximum entropy language models for inflectional languages

In this work we build language models using three different training methods: n-gram, class-based and maximum entropy models. The main issue is the use of stem information to cope with the very large number of distinct words of an inflectional language, like Greek. We compare the three models with both perplexity and word error rate. We also examine thoroughly the perplexity differences of the ...

The effects of task complexity on Chinese learners’ language production: A synthesis and meta-analysis

The  present  meta-analysis  was  conducted  to  provide  a  quantitative  measure  of  the overall effects of task complexity on Chinese EFL learners’ language  production.  Based  on  the strict inclusion criteria, 12 primary  studies  were synthesized according to key  features.  Eleven of them  were  meta-analyzed  to  investigate  effects  of  raising  the  resource-directing  task  comple...